Quality of Life in Patients with Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A CrossSectional Study

Background: Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a chronic progressive cardiac disorder characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease. It is associated with significant morbidity, recurrent hospitalization, reduced functional capacity, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Evaluating QoL and its determinants is essential for improving patient-centered management strategies in individuals with IDCM.
Aim: To evaluate the quality of life and its associated socio-demographic and clinical determinants among patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at International Medical College & Hospital (IMCH), from January 2025 to December 2025, among 247 patients diagnosed with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews and review of medical records. Socio-demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and QoL domains were assessed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean overall QoL score was 53.8 ± 11.2, indicating a moderate level of quality of life. The physical domain demonstrated the lowest mean score (48.7 ± 12.5), reflecting substantial physical impairment. Significant reductions in QoL were observed among smokers, diabetic patients, hypertensive patients, and individuals with advanced NYHA functional class. Age (r = -0.318), BMI (r = -0.194), and duration of disease (r = -0.286) showed significant negative correlations with QoL, whereas ejection fraction demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.472; p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, ejection fraction, NYHA functional class, diabetes mellitus, and smoking status as independent predictors of QoL.
Conclusion: Quality of life among patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy is significantly influenced by functional status, cardiac performance, and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Comprehensive management focusing on optimization of cardiac function, control of comorbidities, and lifestyle modification may improve overall patient well-being.